A disproportionate relationship between the upper and lower jaws can result in an improper bite, affecting not only facial aesthetics but also chewing, speech, and the health of the temporomandibular joint. The aim of orthognathic surgery is to restore the ideal position of the upper and lower jaws, thereby improving chewing function, breathing, and the aesthetic harmony of the face.

WHEN MAY SURGICAL INTERVENTION BE NECESSARY?

Depending on the nature and severity of the jaw imbalance, orthodontic treatment alone may be sufficient. In some cases, however, surgery is also needed to achieve the best possible functional and aesthetic outcome.

Orthognathic surgery is generally recommended for patients whose jaw position cannot be corrected with conventional orthodontic treatment alone. Surgery may be considered in the following situations:

• an excessively protruding or retruded jaw (prognathia or retrognathia)
• open bite, where the upper and lower teeth do not meet properly
• crossbite, which may cause chewing difficulties and temporomandibular joint pain
• facial asymmetry resulting from developmental abnormalities of the jaws
• breathing problems, including sleep apnea, which may improve when the jaws are repositioned

THE PROCESS OF ORTHOGNATHIC SURGICAL TREATMENT

1. Consultation and Treatment Planning

The first step is a detailed assessment, including digital X-rays and CBCT scans, as well as an analysis of the bite and facial profile. The orthodontic and surgical teams work together to plan the procedure.

2. Orthodontic Treatment Before Surgery

In most cases, orthodontic treatment is required before surgery to align the teeth and prepare the jaws for the procedure. This usually takes 12–18 months.

3. Surgical Procedure

The procedure is performed under general anesthesia. The surgeon repositions the jaws and secures them with titanium plates and screws. As the incisions are made inside the mouth, the surgery leaves no visible scars.

4. Recovery and Follow-Up Care

After the operation, patients typically stay in hospital for a few days, while full recovery usually takes 6–12 weeks. During this time, a modified diet is required, and the jaws should be placed under gradually increasing load. Orthodontic treatment continues after surgery to fine-tune the bite and achieve the best possible result.

WHAT RESULTS CAN BE EXPECTED FROM ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY?

• Improved facial aesthetics: The procedure can significantly enhance facial balance, harmony, and symmetry
• Better function: Chewing, biting, and speech may become more comfortable and effective
• Potential health benefits: Jaw joint discomfort, headaches, and sleep-related problems may improve following treatment